Pillar guide
How to Buy a Cold-Climate Heat Pump That Actually Heats at 5°F
A source-cited guide to 5°F capacity, sizing, altitude, backup heat, Colorado rebates, and how to check a heat pump quote before you sign.
Guides
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Cold-climate selection & sizing
"Rated to -22°F" Doesn't Mean What You Think: Heat Pump Capacity vs. Operating Range
A low-temperature rating says how cold a heat pump keeps running, not how much heat it makes. Here is how to find the capacity number that matters.
Cold-climate selection & sizing
Heat Pump Sizing for Cold Climates: Why Square-Foot Rules of Thumb Get Homes Wrong
How cold-climate heat pumps should be sized: load calcs, the four sizing approaches, balance points, oversizing limits, altitude, and ductwork.